• Copyright Page
• Dedication Page
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Foreword by C.A. Pasternak
• Forewords by D.A.J. Tyrrell & W. Al-Nakib
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• The Elephant

• Chapter 1. Introduction
• Magnitude of Health Problem
• Etiologic Agents
• Seasonal Variation in Etiologic Agents
• New Evidence for Rhinoviruses as Principal Cause of Colds
• Immune Response of the Nose
• Overview of Common Cold Treatments
• Introduction of Zinc Gluconate Lozenges
• Stability Constants
• Calculating Availability of Zn²⁺ Ions
• Consideration of Body Acid-Base Balance
• Chapter 1. References

• Chapter 2. In Vitro Effects Of Zn²⁺ Ions
• Antiviral Effects of Zinc Ions
• Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity
• Astringency
• Non-Specific Membrane Protection
• Cytolysin
• Complement
• Mast Cells
• Histamine or Kinins in Colds?
• T-cell Lymphocytes
• Interferon Induction
• Anti-Inflammatory Action
• Zinc, Stress, and Common Colds
• Overview of Effects of Zn²⁺ Ions in Common Cold Therapy
• Chapter 2. References

• Chapter 3. Zinc Lozenge Method of Treating Colds
• Nasal Administration and Systemic Absorption
• Oral Cavity Absorption
• Mouth-Nose Electric Circuit
• Fick's First Law
• Ionic Diffusion
• Zinc Ion Availability (ZIA) Values
• Mathematics Of Common Cold Duration
• Chapter 3. References

• Chapter 4. Effects of Zinc Lozenges on Duration of Common Colds
  • 4.A. Effects Of Hydrated Zn²⁺ Ions on Duration of Common Colds
    • 4.A.1. Original 1984 Eby Study
      • Patients
      • Treatment Protocol
      • Results of 146-Patient Study
      • Duration of Cold Symptoms
      • Severity of Cold Symptoms
      • Side Effects and Complaints
      • Drop-outs and Significance
      • Zinc Ion Availability
    • 4.A.2. Great Britain Medical Research Council Common Cold Unit 1987 Study
      • Lozenge Composition
      • Research Design
      • Results of Prophylactic Trial
      • Results of Therapeutic Trial-Mean Clinical Scores
      • Results of Therapeutic Trial-Mean Daily Nasal Secretion Weights
      • MRC Conclusions
      • Duration of Common Colds and ZIA Calculation
      • Zinc Ion Availability
    • 4.A.3. McNeil 11.5-Mg Zinc Gluconate Lozenge Study
      • Results of Study
      • Cause of Lozenge Bitterness
      • Lozenge Formulation
      • Zinc Ion Availability
      • 4A.4. Danish 4.5-Mg Zinc Gluconate Lozenge Study
      • Results of Study
      • Zinc Ion Availability
  • 4.B. Effect of Strong Zinc Complexes on Duration of Common Colds
    • 4.B.1 Zinc Orotate Lozenges with Zinc Gluconate Nasal Spray Study
      • Results of Study
      • Zinc Ion Availability
    • 4.B.2. Zinc Aspartate Lozenge Study
      • Results of Study
      • Zinc Ion Availability
  • C. Effects of Strong Complexes with Ligand in Excess on Duration of Common Colds
    • 4.C.1. Citric Acid Flavor Masked Zinc Gluconate Lozenge Study
      • Zn²⁺ Ion Availability in the Zinc Gluconate and Citric Acid System
      • Results of Study
      • Zinc Ion Availability
    • 4.C.2. Australian 10 mg Zinc Acetate Effervescent Lozenge Study
      • Results of Study
      • Zinc Ion Availability
    • 4.C.3. Zinc Gluconate-Glycine Lozenge Study
      • Zinc Speciation in the Zinc-Gluconate-Glycine System
      • Effects of Astringency
      • Zinc Ion Availability
  • D. Summary and Comments
  • Chapter 4. References

• Chapter 5. Central Finding of Linear Relation between ZIA and Efficacy
• ZIA Factors
• Comparative ZIA Values
• Projection of Negative ZIA Values
• Taste Scale and ZIA
• Concession to Taste Through Use of a Double Loading Dose
• Zn²⁺ Ions and Zinc Compound Molar Concentration with ZIA Values
• Chapter 5. References

• Chapter 6. Effects of Flavor-Masking on Efficacy
• Strong Chelation of Zinc
• Various Non-Chelating Flavor Masks
• Anethole as Flavor Mask
• Low ZIA Value for 5-Gram Zinc Gluconate Lozenge
• Search for Efficacy and Pleasant Taste
• Chapter 6. References

• Chapter 7. Zinc Acetate Lozenges, Successor to Zinc Gluconate Lozenges
• Zinc Acetate as Source of Zn²⁺Ions
• Flavor Stability
  • 7.A. General Lozenge Considerations
    • Fructose, Sucrose, and Dextrose as Pharmaceutical Carriers
    • Commercial Directly Compressible Tablet Bases
    • Flavors
    • Undesirable Ingredients
    • Preliminary Examples of Flavor-Stable, Pleasant-Tasting Zinc Acetate Lozenges
    • Tablet Presses
    • Introducing mMolT
    • Taste Tests, Zn²⁺ Ion Molar Concentration, and ZIA Values of Preliminary Zinc Acetate Lozenges
    • General Lozenge Design Considerations for Maximizing ZIA
  • 7.B. Standard Design Lozenges
    • Comparison of Zinc Gluconate and Zinc Acetate in Identical Tablet Bases
    • Medicinal Additives
  • 7.C. Advanced Design Lozenges
    • Effect of Compressive Force on Lozenge Dissolution Rate
    • Effect of Compressive Force on ZIA
    • Determination of Recommended Dosage Strength
    • Effect of Force Applied on Lozenge Thickness
  • D. Sources of Lozenge Components
  • E. Other Comments
• Other Formulations
• Eliminating Astringency from Zinc Lozenges
• Chapter 7. References

• Chapter 8. Zinc Biochemistry
• Zinc in Genetics
• General Zinc Biochemistry
• Zinc, HIV, and AIDS
• GRAS Status Assessment
• Recent Human Safety and Toxicologic Data
• Lack of Toxicity in Common Cold Studies
• Possible Adverse Effect in Pregnancy
• Industrial Safety and Material Safety Data Sheet for Zinc Acetate
• Concluding Comments on Toxicity
• Chapter 8. References

• Chapter 9. Conclusions and Recommendations
• Recommended Standard Zinc Acetate Lozenge Formulation
• Recommended Advanced Design Zinc Acetate Lozenge Formulation
• Changes in Formulation Allowable
• Minimum Effective Dose
• Manufacturing Variables Affecting ZIA
• Importance of Placebo Matching
• Differences in Lozenge Taste Perception in Well and Ill Volunteers
• Placebo Lozenge Formula Considerations
• Recommended Placebo Lozenge Formula
• Recommended Clinical Trial Protocols
• Improving Clinical Result
• Expected Clinical Results from Advanced Design Lozenges
• Full Circle
• Expected Side Effects and Contraindications
• Use of Zinc Acetate Lozenges to Treat Upper Respiratory Allergy
• Use of Zinc Acetate Lozenges to Treat Mononucleosis
• Concluding Remarks
• Chapter 9. References

Apendix: Principal Articles

Prophylaxis and Treatment of Rhinovirus Colds with Zinc Gluconate Lozenges. (1987) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy vol 20, pp 893-901.

Reduction in Duration of Common Colds by Zinc Gluconate Lozenges in a Double-Blind Study. (1984) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotheraphy (1984) vol 25, pp 20-24.